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The importance of income on subjective well-being
Sedlář, Jan ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Skuhrovec, Jiří (referee)
1 Abstract My Bachelor thesis deals in a comprehensive way with the discussion unleashed by the publication of the Easterlin's article which called attention to more complex relations between the absolute level of income and the subjective well-being than the economic theory would ever assume . There is the literature shown which finds the explanation why the relation - the absolute level of income and the subjective well-being - does not hold without exceptions. A special attention is devoted to the human behaviour: comparison of the individual's situation with the situation of his reference group, comparison of the individual's situation with the situation he was accustomed to in the past, the individual's adaptation to the new situation and change of his aspiration and on the overvaluation of the benefits from the achieved goal. The first characteristic is tested experimentally with use of the analogy: the income as the evaluation of the job performance, the mark as the evaluation of the student. The experiment did not prove that the comparison of the student with his reference group would have the influence on his own performance. The second part of my thesis is focused on the description of the relationship between the gross national income per capita and the satisfaction of the inhabitants from the...
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Aspiration of English plosives in Czech students of English studies
Pospíšilová, Andrea ; Skarnitzl, Radek (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee)
Voice onset time (VOT) was shown to provide an effective basis on which to differentiate individual plosives in English. This thesis carries out an analysis of recordings of university students to determine whether specific phonetic in- struction improves pronunciation of non-native speakers of English with focus on aspiration of plosives and VOT. In the first part, a theoretical background is provided with definitions of plosives, VOT and its use and measurement. It also reviews the factors that have been shown to affect the VOT values. In addition, a brief overview of second language acquisition is given, with focus on English pronunciation. The second, empirical part describes the material and method used in the analysis and provides figures and results of statistical tests that were run. The results suggest a significant increase in VOT values as a result of one semester of Phonetics and Phonology course. Furthermore, individual plosives and positions in a word were examined sep- arately to determine whether there are any differences as suggested by the theoretical overview. Keywords: voice onset time, aspiration, Czech English, second language acquisition
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Understanding active youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ostrý, Michal ; Žíla, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šístek, František (referee)
With the help of field research, this thesis focuses on active young people in Bosnia and Herzegovina, whom the work attempts to understand in two contexts. First, there is the complicated backdrop of a country after Dayton peace that is still characterized by its post-war state. At the same time, it is vital to consider the context of the current understanding of participatory trends studied in Western democracies. Especially then the departure from formal participation towards single-issue activism. The results suggest that active young people in Bosnia and Herzegovina participate for three main reasons: identification with like-minded community and development of friendships; the desire to contribute to a positive change; and the need for self-development. These reasons are indicational of the attitudes of studied young people. They perceive nationalism negatively, value the social aspects of their activities and realize the need to develop themselves. The latest aspect is stronger for women and may be behind their predominance in the active youth community. Except for that, participation does not differ much from what is studied in Western democracies. Only the tendency towards authoritarianism persists. Some actively participating young people see it as a solution to Bosnia and Herzegovina's...
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Differences in the level of aspiration and stress resistance of women floorball players Tatran Střešovice
Zabavská, Barbora ; Janák, Vladimír (advisor) ; Běhanová, Michaela (referee)
Title: Differences in the level of aspiration and stress resistance in female floorball players of Tatran Střešovice Objectives: The main aim of this research is to contribute to the search for a relation between the level of aspirations and performance in athletes. Furthermore, whether there is a difference in stress resistance in female floorball players of different ages. The general aim is to contribute to the current knowledge base in this area with new partial results based on the implementation of my own research investigation. Methods: The TATSO test was used for this research. The author of this version of the test is Janák, who modified the original test by Hošek from 1979 into its current form. The test measures the level of aspiration, resistance to stress and psychomotor tempo. The test is suitable for group investigations, but personal presence is required (it cannot be distributed electronically). It is a pencil-and-paper type of performance test. Results: I found that the older group of female floorball players had higher aspirations compared to the younger group, so the first hypothesis was confirmed. The second hypothesis, which states that the older group of female floorball players have higher load resistance, was not confirmed, as my research showed that both groups have the...
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Differences in the level of aspiration and stress resistence of women floorball players Tatran Střešovice
Zabavská, Barbora ; Janák, Vladimír (advisor) ; Běhanová, Michaela (referee)
Title: Differences in the level of aspiration and stress resistance in female floorball players of Tatran Střešovice Objectives: The main aim of this research is to contribute to the search for a relation between the level of aspirations and performance in athletes. Furthermore, whether there is a difference in stress resistance in female floorball players of different ages. The general aim is to contribute to the current knowledge base in this area with new partial results based on the implementation of my own research investigation. Methods: The TATSO test was used for this research. The author of this version of the test is Janák, who modified the original test by Hošek from 1979 into its current form. The test measures the level of aspiration, resistance to stress and psychomotor tempo. The test is suitable for group investigations, but personal presence is required (it cannot be distributed electronically). It is a pencil-and-paper type of performance test. Results: I found that the older group of female floorball players had higher aspirations compared to the younger group, so the first hypothesis was confirmed. The second hypothesis, which states that the older group of female floorball players have higher load resistance, was not confirmed, as my research showed that both groups have the...
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Diagnosis of selected competencies of track and field coach
Kapcová, Michaela ; Janák, Vladimír (advisor) ; Holánek, Michal (referee)
Title: Diagnosis of selected competencies of track and field coach of youth Objectives: The main aim of the thesis is to diagnose selected competences of a coach of youth athletics and to verify the hypothesis about the connection between performance and the aspiration of coaches. Methods: The thesis used qualitative methods of research and psychological testing. The qualitative methods used were testing, observation and research. Psychological testing was in the form of TATSO test. Finally, the statistical method F-test was used Results: The results of the work will be a useful source of information for the Czech Athletic Association in the development of curricula for trainers and will also be an indicator for athletic clubs, which organize youth trainers. Keywords: Athletics, coach of youth, coach competencies, TATSO test, F-test, ČAS, Czech Athletic Association, aspiration, level of aspiration
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Needle Fixation and Impact on Social Work with Drug Addicts
HAJŠMANOVÁ, Alena
Injection drug use is rated by the users as their most intense experience. This way of drug application excite in the body way faster and stronger coming of chemical substance than the alternative ways of drug use. Needle become most prefered choice among the users. From the experts point of view injection application brings a highest number of risks as transmission infection diseases or devastation of venous system. Needle fixation is another possible risk of injection drug use. This phenomenon was defined as "Recurrent breaching of skin integrity with needle, with or without application psychoactive substance intravenous or intramuscular way, likewise without bind to expected effect of active substance". (McBride AJ, Pates RM, Arnold K, et al. Needle fixation, the drug users perspective: a qualitative study, 2001, 1050). Next symptoms of needle addiction are for example repetitive pretension, application of different substance or diving in smaller doses. Needle fixation develops from principle of the operant conditioning. Injection use brings secondary gains (e.g. sexual satisfying) to the drug users. Phallic shape of the needle could evoke in some people exciting feelings. Mutual "shot" between partners could be instrumental as sexual foreplay. For some individuals it could become partial or full replacement for sex. Pain caused by needle is rated by some users as pleasing part of the injection. Pain is sort of valve for unpleasant feelings or way how to punish himself. Very often the skill of proper drug injection application might provide post of the"shooter" and respect of rest members of the community. Needle fixation phenomenon could become sizeable complication for user decided to fight his addiction. For example, user quitting opiates has to fight both with physical drug addiction and psychical needle addiction. Practical part of this bachelor thesis was made in summer 2016 in Street work program of non profit-making organization Spolek Ulice Plzeň, where the author of this thesis worked since January 2016. Two objectives were specified. First objective was to describe the with of needle fixation phenomena. Possible impacts of this appearance for casework with the drug users was the second objective. Questions and hypothesis for research purposes were formed: Q1: Which demographic factors affect needle fixation? H1: Needle fixation phenomenon is more common for women than for men. H2: Needle fixation phenomenon is more common for younger drug users than for older drug users. Q2: Do the social workers have a sufficient awareness about needle fixation? Four casework workers (two men and two women) of Spolek Ulice Plzeň were involved to qualitative part of research. They absolved semi-structured interviews. One of the female workers was employed there for 5 years and second for 6 months. Male workers spent there 10 and 7 years. Additional interview was made with a doctor of the substitional department of Spolek Ulice Plzeň. Interviews were axially encoded and described in diagrams for data analysis. Author finds out that asked case-workers know about needle fixation phenomenon, they are familiar with professional literature and they are able to make out solution for the problem. Question is, if it would be optimal. For quantitative part of research the questionnaire was filled by 89 drug injection users - clients of Spolek Ulice Plzeň. Questionnaire was standartized on the subject of needle fixation for injection drug user in Czech Republic (original version: R. Pates, A. McBride, K. Arnold, 2005; translation and correction: M. Pešek, O. Sklenář, 2013). The questionnaire maps those areas: skill, pain, needle fastination, zonk out, sex substitution, sexual excitement and aspiration. Data was processed SPSS software. Research has shown, that needle fixation has statistically significant independency on the age. Another considerable finding is that females are more vulnerable for needle fixation.
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